Decided

No. 24-539

Kaley Chiles v. Patty Salazar, in Her Official Capacity as Executive Director of the Colorado Department of Regulatory Agencies, et al.

from the United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit

See other cases from the Tenth Circuit.

Docket Entries

Judgment REVERSED and case REMANDED. Gorsuch, J., delivered the <a href = 'https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/25pdf/24-539new_hfci.pdf'>opinion</a> of the Court, in which Roberts, C. J., and Thomas, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Kavanaugh, and Barrett, JJ., joined. Kagan, J., filed a concurring opinion in which Sotomayor, J., joined. Jackson, J., filed a dissenting opinion.

Notice of petitioner notifying Court of supplemental authority (opinion attached) filed. (Distributed)

Argued. For petitioner: James A. Campbell, Lansdowne, Va.; and Hashim M. Mooppan, Principal Deputy Solicitor General, Department of Justice, Washington, D. C. (for United States, as amicus curiae.) For respondents: Shannon W. Stevenson, Solicitor General, Denver, Colo.

Reply of petitioner Kaley Chiles filed. (Distributed)

Record received electronically from the United States District Court for the District of Colorado and available with the Clerk.

Motion of the Solicitor General for leave to participate in oral argument as amicus curiae and for divided argument GRANTED.

CIRCULATED

Brief amici curiae of Health Law Scholars filed.

Brief amicus curiae of Mathew Shurka filed.

Brief amici curiae of Faith-Based Mental Health Professionals filed.

Brief amici curiae of David Palmieri, et al. filed.

Brief amici curiae of Legal Ethics Professors filed.

Brief amici curiae of Conversion Therapy Survivor Network, et al. filed.

Brief amici curiae of American Psychological Association, et al. filed.

Brief amici curiae of The Trevor Project, Inc., et al. filed.

Brief amici curiae of Ryan M. Kendall, et al. filed.

Brief amici curiae of Medical History Scholars, et al. filed.

Brief amicus curiae of International Law Scholar Paul Behrens filed.

Brief amici curiae of Lay Roman Catholics, et al. filed.

Brief amici curiae of Constitutional Law Scholars, et al. filed.

Brief amici curiae of Former Conversion Therapy Leaders filed.

Brief amici curiae of Parents of Conversion-Therapy Participants, et al. filed.

Brief amici curiae of Experts in Health Care Practice, Health Law, and Bioethics filed.

Brief amici curiae of Professors of Law, Medicine, and Public Health filed.

Brief amici curiae of Religious Organizations filed.

Brief amici curiae of Washington, et al. filed.

Brief amicus curiae of Freedom From Religion Foundation filed.

Brief amici curiae of Williams Institute Scholars filed.

Brief amici curiae of PFLAG, Inc., et al. filed.

Brief amici curiae of Dr. Jack L. Turban, et al. filed.

Brief amicus curiae of Constitutional Accountability Center filed.

Brief amici curiae of Members of Congress filed.

Brief amici curiae of Fred T. Korematsu Center for Law and Equality, et al. filed. (Distributed)

Brief amici curiae of Gregory Coles, et al. filed.

Brief amici curiae of Land-Surveyor and Civil-Engineer Trade Associations filed.

Brief amici curiae of Professor Clifford J. Rosky, et al. filed.

Brief amicus curiae of Guy Albert, PhD filed.

Brief of respondents Patty Salazar, et al. filed.

Record received from the United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit. The record is electronic and is available on PACER.

Record requested from the United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit.

Rule 35.3 letter regarding substitution of parties filed by respondents.

SET FOR ARGUMENT on Tuesday, October 7, 2025.

Motion of the Solicitor General for leave to participate in oral argument as amicus curiae and for divided argument filed.

Brief amicus curiae of International Foundation for Therapeutic and Counseling Choice filed.

Brief amici curiae of Mary Hasson, et al. filed

Brief amicus curiae of Heartbeat International filed.

Brief amicus curiae of National Association of Scholars filed.

Brief amicus curiae of Christian Family Coalition (CFC) Florida, Inc. filed.

Brief amici curiae of The United States Conference of Catholic Bishops, et al. filed.

Brief amici curiae of Sexual Orientation Scholars filed.

Brief amicus curiae of American College of Pediatricians filed.

Brief amicus curiae of The Becket Fund for Religious Liberty filed.

Brief amicus curiae of Liberty Justice Center filed.

Brief amicus curiae of Changed Movement filed.

Brief amici curiae of America's Future, et al. filed.

Brief amici curiae of Frontline Policy Council, et al. filed.

Brief amici curiae of American Unity Fund, et al. filed.

Brief amici curiae of The Anglican Church in North America, et al. filed.

Brief amicus curiae of Sexuality Research Scholar Amy E. Hamilton filed.

Brief amicus curiae of Institute for Free Speech filed.

Brief amici curiae of Erin Lee, et al. filed.

Brief amicus curiae of Women's Liberation Front filed.

Brief amici curiae of Manhattan Institute, et al. filed.

Brief amici curiae of Joy Buchman, et al. filed.

Brief amici curiae of Christian Medical and Dental Associations filed.

Brief amici curiae of Coloson Center for Christian Worldview, et al. filed.

Brief amicus curiae of Association of Certified Biblical Counselors filed.

Brief amicus curiae of Christian Legal Society filed.

Brief amicus curiae of Medical Professionals filed.

Brief amici curiae of Erin Brewer, et al. filed.

Brief amici curiae of Iowa, et al. filed.

Brief amicus curiae of Liberty Counsel filed.

Brief amicus curiae of Do No Harm, Inc. filed.

Brief amici curiae of Our Duty-USA, et al. filed.

Brief amicus curiae of The Alliance for Therapeutic Choice and Scientific Integrity filed.

Brief amicus curiae of CatholicVote.org Education Fund filed.

Brief amici curiae of First Amendment Scholars filed.

Brief amicus curiae of Anthony M. Joseph filed.

Brief amicus curiae of Association of American Physicians and Surgeons filed.

Brief amici curiae of Americans for Prosperity Foundation, et al. filed.

Brief amicus curiae of Foundation for Moral Law filed.

Brief amicus curiae of The LONANG Institute filed.

Brief amici curiae of Family Research Council, et al. filed.

Brief amicus curiae of Pacific Legal Foundation filed.

Brief amicus curiae of the United States filed.

Brief amicus curiae of David A. Robinson filed.

Brief amici curiae of Catholic Licensed Counselors, et al. filed.

Brief amicus curiae of Randy Elf filed.

Brief amici curiae of NC Values Institute, et al. filed.

Brief amici curiae of Plaintiffs in First Amendment cases pending before the Supreme Court in support of neither party filed.

Brief amicus curiae of Professor Eugene Volokh in support of neither party filed.

Brief amici curiae of Jaco Booyens Ministries, et al. filed.

Brief amici curiae of American Association of Christian Counselors et al. filed.

Brief amici curiae of America's Frontline Doctors, et al. filed.

Brief of petitioner Kaley Chiles filed.

Joint appendix filed. (Statement of costs filed)

Brief amicus curiae of National Religious Broadcasters filed.

Brief amici curiae of Legislators from 30 State Legislatures filed.

Brief amici curiae of Joseph Nicolosi, Jr., Ph.D., et al. filed.

Motion to extend the time to file the briefs on the merits granted. The time to file the joint appendix and petitioner's brief on the merits is extended to and including June 6, 2025. The time to file respondents' brief on the merits is extended to and including August 19, 2025.

Motion for an extension of time to file the briefs on the merits filed.

Petition GRANTED.

DISTRIBUTED for Conference of 3/7/2025.

DISTRIBUTED for Conference of 2/28/2025.

DISTRIBUTED for Conference of 2/21/2025.

Rescheduled.

Reply of petitioner Kaley Chiles filed. (Distributed)

DISTRIBUTED for Conference of 1/24/2025.

Brief of respondents Patty Salazar, et al. in opposition filed. (Distributed)

Waiver of the 14-day waiting period for the distribution of the petition pursuant to Rule 15.5 filed by petitioner.

Brief amicus curiae of Foundation for Moral Law filed.

Brief amici curiae of NC Values Institute, et al. filed.

Brief amici curiae of Christian Medical and Dental Associations, et al. filed.

Brief amici curiae of Erin Lee, et al. filed.

Brief amici curiae of American Association of Christian Counselors, et al. filed.

Brief amici curiae of Iowa, et al. filed.

Brief amicus curiae of Heartbeat International filed.

Brief amici curiae of America's Frontline Doctors, et al. filed.

Brief amici curiae of James Dobson Family Institute, et al. filed.

Brief amicus curiae of Liberty Counsel filed.

Brief amicus curiae of Association of Certified Biblical Counselors filed.

Brief amicus curiae of Liberty Justice Center filed.

Brief amicus curiae of Changed Movement filed.

Brief amicus curiae of CatholicVote.org Education Fund filed.

Brief amicus curiae of Ethics and Public Policy Center filed.

Motion to extend the time to file a response is granted in part, and the time is extended to and including January 6, 2025.

Motion to extend the time to file a response from December 13, 2024 to February 11, 2025, submitted to The Clerk.

Petition for a writ of certiorari filed. (Response due December 13, 2024)

Parties

Kaley Chiles, Petitioner, represented by James A. Campbell

Kaley Chiles, Petitioner, represented by John J. Bursch

Patty Salazar, et al., Respondent, represented by Shannon Wells Stevenson

Amici Curiae

27+ Lay Roman Catholics, Amicus Curiae, represented by James K. Riley

American Association of Christian Counselors and David Wiedis, Amicus Curiae, represented by Sean Paul Gates

American Psychological Association, et al., Amicus Curiae, represented by Jessica Ring Amunson

Americans for Prosperity Foundation and Mountain States Legal Foundation, Amicus Curiae, represented by Cynthia Fleming Crawford

American Unity Fund and Ethics & Public Policy Center, Amicus Curiae, represented by Megan Marie Wold

America's Frontline Doctors and Dr. Simone Gold, M.D., J.D., Amicus Curiae, represented by David Anthony Dalia

America's Future, Public Advocate of the United States, Public Advocate Foundation, U.S. Constitutional Rights Legal Defense Fund, One Nation Under God Foundation, Restoring Liberty Action Committee, and Conservative Legal Defense and Education Fund, Amicus Curiae, represented by William Jeffrey Olson

Amici States of Washington, et al., Amicus Curiae, represented by Cristina Marie Hwang Sepe

Anthony M. Joseph, Amicus Curiae, represented by Allan E. Parker Jr.

Association of American Physicians and Surgeons, Amicus Curiae, represented by Andrew L. Schlafly

Catholic Licensed Counselors, Health Care Providers, Educators, Medical Ethicists, and Professional Organizations, Amicus Curiae, represented by Frederick W. Claybrook Jr.

CatholicVote.org Education Fund, Amicus Curiae, represented by Scott William Gaylord

CHANGED Movement, Amicus Curiae, represented by Samuel Joseph Salario Jr.

Christian Family Coalition (CFC) Florida, Inc., Amicus Curiae, represented by Dennis Grossman

Christian Legal Society, Amicus Curiae, represented by Steven T. McFarland

Christian Legal Society, Amicus Curiae, represented by Laura Darien Nammo

Coloson Center for Christian Worldview, Family Policy Alliance, and Summit Ministries, Amicus Curiae, represented by Michael Lee Francisco

Constitutional Accountability Center, Amicus Curiae, represented by Brianne Jenna Gorod

Constitutional Law and First Amendment Scholars, Amicus Curiae, represented by Thomas Scott Kessler

Conversion Therapy Survivor Network and 17 LGBTQ+ Survivors of Conversion Therapy, Amicus Curiae, represented by Shayna Medley

David A. Robinson, Amicus Curiae, represented by David Alan Robinson

Do No Harm, Inc., Amicus Curiae, represented by David H. Thompson

Dr. Jack L. Turban and Dr. Lisa R. Fortuna, Amicus Curiae, represented by John Michael McHugh

Erin Brewer, et al., Amicus Curiae, represented by Renee Kristine Carlson

Erin Lee and Mary Buchanan, Amicus Curiae, represented by Jon Bradley Bergford

Ethics and Public Policy Center, Amicus Curiae, represented by Jeffrey Michael Trissell

Experts in Health Care Practice, Health Law, and Bioethics, Amicus Curiae, represented by Craig Joseph Konnoth

Faith-Based Mental Health Professionals, Amicus Curiae, represented by Paul Alessio Mezzina

Family Research Council and Samaritan's Purse, Amicus Curiae, represented by Christopher E. Mills

First Amendment Scholars, Amicus Curiae, represented by William Henry Hurd

Former Conversion Therapy Leaders, Amicus Curiae, represented by Laura Elizabeth Landenwich

Foundation for Moral Law, Amicus Curiae, represented by John Allen Eidsmoe

Fred T. Korematsu Center for Law and Equality, Center for Civil Rights and Critical Justice, Center on Race, Inequality, and the Law, and Center for Racial and Economic Justice, Amicus Curiae, represented by Paul Francis Rugani

Freedom From Religion Foundation, Amicus Curiae, represented by Patrick C Elliott

Frontline Policy Council, et al., Amicus Curiae, represented by Kristine Lee Brown

Gregory Coles, Joshua Proctor, and Bill Henson, Amicus Curiae, represented by William L. Harbison

Guy Albert, PhD, Amicus Curiae, represented by Alice W. Yao

Health Law Scholars, Amicus Curiae, represented by Cynthia Cheng-Wun Weaver

Heartbeat International, Amicus Curiae, represented by Patrick Strawbridge

Institute for Free Speech, Amicus Curiae, represented by Owen Dennis Yeates

International Foundation for Therapeutic and Counseling Choice, Amicus Curiae, represented by William Bock III

International Law Scholar Paul Behrens, Amicus Curiae, represented by Sonia Miller-Van Oort

Iowa and 11 Other States, Amicus Curiae, represented by Eric Harris Wessan

Iowa and 20 Other States, Amicus Curiae, represented by Eric Harris Wessan

Jaco Booyens Ministries, Ilonka Deaton, Tami Brown Rodriquez, and Truth in Education, Amicus Curiae, represented by Frank J. Wright

James Dobson Family Institute, Andrew Wommack Ministries, Truth and Liberty Coalition, Diocese of Colorado Springs, and The Colson Center For Christian Worldview, Amicus Curiae, represented by Michael Lee Francisco

Joseph Nicolosi Jr., Ph.D., Amicus Curiae, represented by Jeffrey Michael Trissell

Joy Buchman, Brian Tingley, Tammy Fournier, and Dan and Jennifer Mead, Amicus Curiae, represented by Luke Nathaniel Berg

Land-Surveyor and Civil-Engineer Trade Associations, Amicus Curiae, represented by Jens Benjamin Koepke

Legal Ethics Professors, Amicus Curiae, represented by Melissa Claire Cassel

Legislators from 30 State Legislatures, Amicus Curiae, represented by William Wagner

Liberty Counsel, Amicus Curiae, represented by Mathew D. Staver

Liberty Justice Center, Amicus Curiae, represented by Jacob H. Huebert

Liberty Justice Center, Amicus Curiae, represented by Jeffrey Michael Schwab

Manhattan Institute, Islam and Religious Freedom Action Team, Jewish Coalition for Religious Liberty, and Dr. Dovid Schwartz, Amicus Curiae, represented by Ilya Shapiro

Mary Hasson, Eric Kniffin, Theresa Farnan, and Susan Selner-Wright, Amicus Curiae, represented by Thomas L. Brejcha Jr.

Mathew Shurka, Amicus Curiae, represented by Ross McClintic Bagley

Medical History Scholars and Historians, Amicus Curiae, represented by Kendra Nychel Beckwith

Medical Professionals, Amicus Curiae, represented by John Clay Sullivan

Members of Congress, Amicus Curiae, represented by Conor Denali Tucker

National Religious Broadcasters, Amicus Curiae, represented by Michael P. Farris

Natl Assn of Scholars, Amicus Curiae, represented by Dennis J. Saffran

NC Values Institute and Advocates For Faith & Freedom, Amicus Curiae, represented by Deborah Dewart

Our Duty-USA, Luke Healy, Ari, Chloe Brockman, Soren Aldaco, and Kayla Lovdahl, Amicus Curiae, represented by Daniel Julian Cragg

Pacific Legal Foundation, Amicus Curiae, represented by Ethan Winfred Blevins

Parents of Conversion-Therapy Participants and Clergy Supporting Families Affected by Conversion Therapy, Amicus Curiae, represented by Parker Andrew Rider-Longmaid

Parties in Other First Amendment Cases Pending Before the Court, Amicus Curiae, represented by Samuel Bracken Gedge

PFLAG, Inc., One Colorado, National Center for Youth Law, National Center for LGBTQ Rights, National Health Law Program, Rocky Mountain Equality, Services and Advocacy for Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, and Transgender Elders, Amicus Curiae, represented by Joseph Hagedorn Lang Jr.

Professor Clifford J. Rosky, Professor Lisa M. Diamond, Amicus Curiae, represented by Whitney Marin Pellegrino

Professor Eugene Volokh, Amicus Curiae, represented by Eugene Volokh

Professors of Law, Medicine, and Public Health, Amicus Curiae, represented by Kathleen Roberta Hartnett

Randy Elf, Amicus Curiae, represented by Randolph Scott Elf

Religious Organizations, Amicus Curiae, represented by Amy Tai

Ryan M. Kendall, Jessica Ritter, Matt Salmon, Adrienne Smith, Lillian Lennon, Adam Trimmer, David Beltran, and Garrard Conley, Amicus Curiae, represented by Sarah Katherine Austin

Sexuality Research Scholar Amy E. Hamilton, Amicus Curiae, represented by Randall L. Wenger

Sexual Orientation Scholars, Amicus Curiae, represented by Jonathan Radford Whitehead

Steven D. Smith, Amicus Curiae, represented by William Henry Hurd

Stewart Heatwole, Karen Napolitano, David Palmieri, Patrick Tiernan, and Timothy Uhl, Amicus Curiae, represented by Justin Richard Rassi

The Alliance for Therapeutic Choice and Scientific Integrity, Amicus Curiae, represented by Nicholas Patrick Miller

The American College of Pediatricians, Amicus Curiae, represented by Gene Clayton Schaerr

The Anglican Church in North America, et al., Amicus Curiae, represented by Richard Shawn Gunnarson

The Association of Certified Biblical Counselors Inc., Amicus Curiae, represented by Michael Steven Overing

The Becket Fund for Religious Liberty, Amicus Curiae, represented by Adele Auxier Keim

The Christian Medical and Dental Associations and The Alliance for Hippocratic Medicine, Amicus Curiae, represented by Kristine Lee Brown

The Lonang Institute, Amicus Curiae, represented by Kerry Lee Morgan

The Trevor Project, Inc., American Foundation for Suicide Prevention, and the National Alliance on Mental Illness, Amicus Curiae, represented by Abbey Jane Hudson

The United States Conference of Catholic Bishops, et al., Amicus Curiae, represented by Nicholas J. Nelson

The Williams Institute, Amicus Curiae, represented by S. Douglas Bunch

United States, Amicus Curiae, represented by D. John Sauer

Women's Liberation Front, Amicus Curiae, represented by Elspeth Benten Cypher

 
Last updated: April 18, 2026